There is not a simple way to search across all columns without building the query to look at each column.
Here is a script that allows you to use the Information Schema data to build the query for you.
DECLARE @sqlCommand varchar(1000)
DECLARE @stringToFind varchar(100)
DECLARE @tableName sysname
DECLARE @schemaName sysname
DECLARE @databaseName sysname
DECLARE @where varchar(1000)
DECLARE @column_name sysname
SET @databaseName = 'AdventureWorks'
SET @schemaName = 'Person'
SET @tableName = 'Address'
SET @stringToFind = '''%New%'''
SET @sqlCommand = 'SELECT * FROM ' + @databaseName + '.' + @schemaName + '.' + @tableName + ' WHERE'
SET @where = ''
DECLARE col_cursor CURSOR FOR
SELECT COLUMN_NAME
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
WHERE TABLE_CATALOG = @databaseName
AND TABLE_SCHEMA = @schemaName
AND TABLE_NAME = @tableName
AND DATA_TYPE NOT IN ('uniqueidentifier', 'xml')
OPEN col_cursor
FETCH NEXT FROM col_cursor INTO @column_name
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
IF @where <> ''
SET @where = @where + ' OR'
SET @where = @where + ' ' + @column_name + ' LIKE ' + @stringToFind
FETCH NEXT FROM col_cursor INTO @column_name
END
CLOSE col_cursor
DEALLOCATE col_cursor
SET @sqlCommand = @sqlCommand + @where
--PRINT @sqlCommand
EXEC (@sqlCommand)